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Rule 9
Some or Any?

If it's positive use some; if it's negative or a question use any.

Examples

1. I have some money with me.
2. I don't have any money with me.
3. Have you got any books about Malaya?
4. May I have some cake?

You can use some in a question if you think the answer will be yes.

You can use some if the question is an offer.

Example: Would you like some tea?

some is normally used with a plural or a collective noun. However, it can sometimes be used with a singular noun if you don't know its identity.

Example: There's some man on the telephone for you.

Rule 10
Nouns and verbs must agree.
This rule is not as easy as it looks.

Firstly, you have to decide whether the subject is singular or plural.

Secondly, it is not always easy to find the subject.

Thirdly, some words which describe groups can be singular or plural.

Look at the following sentences. Do you know which ones are wrong?

1. Mathematics is my favourite subject.

2. The police are here.

3. The news are at 7 a.m.

4. Physics are hard to learn.

5. Neither of the two cars is suitable.

6. The committee has made their decision.

7. A number of changes have been made.

8. The number of changes were decided yesterday.

9. Joe is one of the students who is going.

10. None of the books are expensive.

Answer: 1, 2, 5, 7 and 9 are correct; the rest are wrong.

Rule 11
Which or That

Use which for things; use that for people and things.

The pen which I am using is excellent.
The pen that I am using is excellent.
(Both sentences are correct.)

a. The man which spoke to you was my brother.(wong)
b. The man that spoke to you was my brother.(right)
c. The man who spoke to you was my brother.(right)

The team that wins will be the champion.
The team which wins will be the champion.

For collective nouns, which or that can be used.

Grammar Rule 12
The present simple tense is used for permanent facts.

Grammar Rule 13
The present continuous tense is used for temporary facts.

I go for breakfast at 10 a.m. I always go for breakfast at that time.
(It’s a fact; rule 12.)

I am going for lunch now. I shall be back soon. (Rule 13)

I live in Bentong. It is my permanent home. (Rule 12)

I am living in KL. It’s my temporary accommodation while I look for a job. (Rule 13)

Rule 12 explains why you can use the present tense to talk about the future.

The bus leaves at 10 p.m. (It’s a fact)

The show starts in an hour.

If you wish you can use the simple future in the above two sentences.

Remember, English is flexible.